What should you consider before buying an axolotl?

The axolotl, often affectionately called the “water monster”, fascinates people with its exotic appearance and unusual traits. Before deciding to get one, however, there is a lot to consider. This article gives an overview of the most important points.

The basics

Axolotls come from the lakes of Mexico and are best known for keeping their larval form even after reaching sexual maturity. This phenomenon is called neoteny. They are amphibians, but spend their whole lives in water. With good care they can live 10 to 15 years, so getting one is a long-term commitment.

Legal requirements

Depending on the country or region, keeping axolotls may be regulated. Find out about the rules that apply before you give one or more axolotls a new home.

Space and aquarium

• Size: axolotls mainly need floor area. For one or two adults, a tank at least 100 cm long is usually recommended.
• Water temperature: ideally around 15–18 °C. Temperatures permanently above 22 °C harm them.
• Water quality: clean water is essential. A good filter is important, but avoid strong currents.
• Substrate: use fine sand or a bare bottom. Gravel can be dangerous because axolotls may swallow it.
• Hiding places: caves and plants provide shelter.

Read more in our article Setting up an axolotl aquarium.

Feeding

Axolotls are carnivores and need a protein-rich diet. Special axolotl pellets, earthworms from a safe source and, for variety, frozen food such as bloodworms are all suitable. Avoid live feeder fish, which can introduce diseases. Adults are fed two to three times a week. Remove leftovers to keep the water clean.

You will find suitable food in our Food category and more tips in the article Feeding axolotls properly.

Social behaviour and tank mates

Axolotls are solitary and do not need company. If you want to keep several, the tank must be large enough and the animals should be of similar size to avoid injuries. Keeping them with fish is not recommended, as fish may nibble their gills.

Health and care

Axolotls are sensitive to poor conditions. Watch out for these signs of stress or illness:

• shrunken gills
• changes in the skin
• loss of appetite
• unusual swimming

If problems arise, see a vet experienced with amphibians.

Costs and time

Besides the animals themselves, you need to budget for the aquarium, equipment such as a filter and chiller, decoration, food and electricity. Regular water changes and monitoring water parameters take time.

Ethics and responsibility

Axolotls are not disposable pets. Buying one should be well thought out, and you should be able to take responsibility for its whole life. Only buy axolotls from reputable breeders or through responsible rehoming, and never wild-caught animals.

Good preparation, a suitable home and regular care lay the foundation for a long, healthy axolotl life. For a compact overview, see our beginner’s checklist.