Setting up an axolotl aquarium: step by step

Axolotls have different needs from most aquarium fish. They like cool, calm water and fairly dim light. Taking this into account from the start saves a lot of trouble later. Here are the most important steps.

1. The right size

Adult axolotls usually grow to 20–25 cm and spend most of their time on the bottom. What matters is the floor area, not the height. For one or two adults, a tank at least 100 cm long is generally recommended. Larger tanks also keep the temperature and water parameters more stable.

2. Substrate: fine sand or none at all

Axolotls suck in their food and often swallow substrate along with it. Gravel or small stones can therefore be dangerous. Suitable options are fine sand, which passes through without problems, a bare bottom, or stones that are clearly larger than the animal’s head.

3. A filter with gentle flow

A filter is essential, but axolotls do not like strong currents. Sponge filters or external filters with the outlet directed so that it moves the surface without churning the whole tank work well. A sign of too much flow: the gill stalks are constantly bent forward.

4. Dim light and hiding places

Axolotls have no eyelids and avoid bright light. Weak lighting is quite enough. More important are several hiding places, such as caves, tubes or roots without sharp edges. Hardy plants that also grow in cool water provide additional shelter.

5. A lid

When water quality is poor, axolotls can get startled and jump. A lid with ventilation slots prevents this and also stops objects from falling into the tank.

6. Cycle the tank before the animals move in

A new aquarium needs a few weeks for the filter bacteria that break down ammonia and nitrite to establish themselves. Use a water conditioner for tap water and test nitrite regularly. The animals should only move in once no nitrite has been measurable for several days.

In short

• Plenty of floor area rather than height
• Fine sand or a bare bottom, no gravel
• Filter with gentle flow
• Dim light, several hiding places
• A lid
• Cycle the tank before moving the animals in

You will find suitable equipment in our Aquarium, Equipment and Decoration categories.

These tips are no substitute for veterinary advice. If you notice anything unusual, please contact a vet experienced with amphibians.